List of sources:
Medical, dental and pharmacy directory of South Africa 1926/7.
Pietermaritzburg Archives Depository, Vol. NMC 34, [List of medical practitioners, dentists, chemists and druggists registered in the Orange Free State, as on 31 December, 1916].
Ryan, M. A history of organised pharmacy in South Africa, 1885-1950. The Society for the History of Pharmacy in South Africa, 1986.